The classification of the alkaloids is complex and may be guided by a set of rules that take into account the structure and other chemical features of the alkaloid molecule, its biological origin, as well as the biogenetic origin where known.[2][3] For example, where the biosynthesis pathway of an alkaloid is unknown, it may be grouped based on structural similarities with known compounds, including non-nitrogenous compounds, or by the organism(s) from which the alkaloid was isolated.[3]
Pyridine group: piperine, coniine, trigonelline, arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, cytisine, lobeline, nicotine, anabasine, sparteine, pelletierine.
Pyrrolidine group: hygrine, cuscohygrine, nicotine
Tropane group: atropine, cocaine, ecgonine, scopolamine, catuabine
Indolizidine group: senecionine, swainsonine
Quinoline group: quinine, quinidine, dihydroquinine, dihydroquinidine, strychnine, brucine, veratrine, cevadine
Isoquinoline group: opium alkaloids (papaverine, narcotine, narceine), pancratistatin, sanguinarine, hydrastine, berberine, emetine, berbamine, oxyacanthine
Phenanthrene alkaloids: opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine)
Phenethylamine group: mescaline, ephedrine, dopamine
Indole group:
Tryptamines: serotonin, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenine, psilocybin
Ergolines (the ergot alkaloids): ergine, ergotamine, lysergic acid
Beta-carbolines: harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine
Yohimbans: reserpine, yohimbine
Vinca alkaloids: vinblastine, vincristine
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) alkaloids: mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine
Tabernanthe iboga alkaloids: ibogaine, voacangine, coronaridine
Strychnos nux-vomica alkaloids: strychnine, brucine
Purine group:
Xanthines: caffeine, theobromine, theophylline
Terpenoid group:
Aconitum alkaloids: aconitine
Steroid alkaloids (containing a steroid skeleton in a nitrogen containing structure):
Solanum (e.g. potato and tomato) alkaloids (solanidine, solanine, chaconine)
Veratrum alkaloids (veratramine, cyclopamine, cycloposine, jervine, muldamine)[4]
Fire Salamander alkaloids (samandarin)
Others: conessine
Quaternary ammonium compounds: muscarine, choline, neurine
Miscellaneous: capsaicin, cynarin, phytolaccine, phytolaccotoxin
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment